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What is an audit, and why organisations run them

A plain-English explanation of what an audit is and what it is for.

Written by Caim Hermoso

Who this is for: Anyone new to auditing. No permissions needed.

An audit is a structured check that what your organisation says it does is what it actually does. Someone works through a defined set of requirements, gathers evidence, and records where practice matches the requirement and where it does not.

Audits differ from day-to-day inspections in three ways:

  • They follow a defined set of criteria. Usually a standard (ISO 9001, ISO 45001), a regulation, or your own documented procedure.

  • They are evidence-based. An auditor records what they saw, read or measured — not an opinion.

  • They produce a record. The output is a report that can be shown to a certification body, a regulator, a customer or your own board.

Organisations run audits for several reasons, and most run more than one type:

Reason

What it looks like

Certification

An external body audits you against a standard so you can hold or keep certification

Regulatory duty

A legal requirement to check and record compliance

Customer requirement

A client audits you, or requires you to audit your own suppliers

Internal assurance

You check yourselves before someone else does

Continuous improvement

Finding things worth improving even where nothing is non-compliant

The Audit Module supports all of these. It does not tell you what to audit — that is your organisation’s decision, usually driven by the standards you work to.

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